Bladder Calculi Bladder Stones

Bladder stones are large pieces of minerals formed and retained in the urinarybladder.

What is going on in the body?

Bladder stones are crystals that most often form when urine cannot leave thebladder due to a blockage. When urine builds up in the bladder, it can becomeinfected or contain too much acid. This provides the perfect environment forstones to form.

What are the causes and risks of the condition?

The following conditions are thought to increase the risk of bladder stones:

What are the signs and symptoms of the condition?

Most people with this condition only notice the symptoms of bladder blockage,since bladder stones cause few symptoms. When bladder stones do cause symptoms,they can include:

How is the condition diagnosed?

Bladder stones can be detected using various special X-ray tests. Cystoscopymay also be performed to make a diagnosis. This procedure involves inserting aspecial, thin tube called a cystoscope through the urethra. The urethra is thetube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. Thecystoscope has a light and camera on the end of it and can be advanced into thebladder. This allows a doctor to see the inside of the bladder.

What can be done to prevent the condition?

The best way to prevent bladder stones is to treat problems that cause blockageof urine flow out of the bladder promptly. Treatment for urinary tract infections andavoidance of dehydration may prevent some cases. Urinary catheters and other foreign objectsshould be removed, or at least changed often.

What are the long-term effects of the condition?

Bladder stones usually do not cause long-term effects but can lead tourinary tract infections and pain if untreated.

What are the risks to others?

Bladder stones are not contagious, and pose no risk toothers.

What are the treatments for the condition?

Many bladder stones can be dissolved with chemicals that are put into thebladder. But this is such a long and difficult process that it is rarely done.Surgical therapy is generally preferred.

Most bladder stones are removed in one of these ways:

What are the side effects of the treatments?

The process of breaking up bladder stones and removing them with a cystoscopeis often traumatic to the bladder. Blood in the urine can be expected for 1 to2 weeks afterwards. Urinating may be somewhat uncomfortable during this time.Surgery carries a risk of bleeding, infection, and allergic reaction to anesthesia. Tearing of the bladder or abnormal urineleakage is also possible, though rare.

What happens after treatment for the condition?

After recovery, most people can return to normal activities.

How is the condition monitored?

Follow-up exams are performed, and symptoms are followed. X-ray tests andlaboratory tests may also be needed to monitor this condition in some cases.Any new or worsening symptoms should be reported to the healthcareprovider.