Overview, Causes, & Risk Factors
Adenoidal hypertrophy refers to the increased size of the adenoids. These arethe two infection-fighting organs at the back of the nose and above thetonsils.
What is going on in the body?
The adenoids, along with the tonsils, help prevent agents such as bacteria andviruses from entering the body. The adenoids are made up of a group of bloodcells that create antibodies. Antibodies are proteins that neutralize foreignsubstances in the body. When infection or inflammation occurs, the adenoids canenlarge. Since they are seated at the back of the nasal cavity, the swollenadenoids can block airflow through the nose.
What are the causes and risks of the condition?
The exact cause of enlarged adenoids is not always clear. Most studies point tochronic infection of the upperrespiratory tract. Allergies may also cause the adenoids toenlarge. Adenoid enlargement is more common in children than adults.
Symptoms & Signs
What are the signs and symptoms of the condition?
When the adenoids enlarge, the following can occur:
Diagnosis & Tests
How is the condition diagnosed?
Diagnosis of adenoidal hypertrophy begins with a history andphysical exam. In young children, the easiest way to find an enlarged adenoidis with an X-ray. In older children, the healthcare provider can use a smallmirror to look behind the palate. Another procedure is to use fiberopticinstruments, which allow the provider to see the back part of the nasalcavity.
Prevention & Expectations
What can be done to prevent the condition?
Effective treatment of allergies may prevent some cases of adenoidal hypertrophy. Manytimes, the condition cannot be prevented.
What are the long-term effects of the condition?
Long-term problems include ear disease, such as chronic otitis media,and breathing through the mouth.
What are the risks to others?
Adenoidal hypertrophy is not contagious, and poses no risk toothers.
Treatment & Monitoring
What are the treatments for the condition?
In most cases, antibiotics and oral corticosteroids are given and are usuallysuccessful. For long-term problems, nasal steroid sprays can be used. Surgicalremoval of the adenoids is sometimes needed for those who do notrespond to medicine.
What are the side effects of the treatments?
Antibiotics may cause stomach upset, rash, or allergic reaction. Oral corticosteroidsmay increase the risk of infections. Surgery can cause bleeding, infection, orallergic reaction toanesthesia.
What happens after treatment for the condition?
Antibiotics and steroids usually help the adenoids return to a smaller size.However, if the adenoids enlarge again, surgery may be recommended.
How is the condition monitored?
Any new or worsening symptoms should be reported to the healthcareprovider.
Article type: xmedgeneral
